A new simulator is presented to study a surfactant polymer flooding, based on a twophase, fivecomponent system aqueous and oleous phases with water, petroleum, polymer, surfactant and salt for. This thesis improves the understanding of the alkaline surfactant polymer asp enhanced oil recovery process in order to optimize the asp operational strategy. The following committee members have found the thesis acceptable in form and content, and that the candidate demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of the subject material. Some of these formulations are surfactant alkali flooding, surfactant polymer flooding, and alkali surfactant polymer flooding. In this paper the synthesis of a surfactant with a large hydrophobe, didodecylmethylcarboxyl betaine. Enhanced crude oil recovery by chemical flooding has been a main measure for postponing the overall decline of crude oil output in china, and surfactant polymer sp flooding may replace alkali surfactant polymer flooding in the future for avoiding the undesired effects of using alkali.
With the injection of the surfactant polymer solution, the water content continued to decrease and get the minimum at 61. Asp flooding has been implemented in oilfields for over 20 years and proves to be one of the most efficient enhanced oil recovery eor methods. Correctly designed surfactant systems together with the crude oil can. Therefore, this chapter discusses about surfactant polymer sp flooding as a combined chemical enhanced oil recovery eor method. With polymer added for mobility control, the process would be an alkalinesurfactantpolymer asp flood. Advances in polymer flooding and alkaline surfactant. Polymer flooding is used under certain reservoir conditions that lower the efficiency of a regular waterflood, such as fractures or. They added nonionic surfactants to the alkali solution to improve oil recovery at laboratory scale. However, as already mentioned, this is not usually done. The synergy of both chemicals affects the recovery factor. Favorable attributes of alkalinesurfactantpolymer flooding. Surfactant flooding is an important technique used in enhanced oil recovery to reduce the amount of oil in pore space of matrix rock.
Role of surfactant flooding in enhanced oil recovery. The phase behavior and coreflooding tests confirmed the asp formula is optimal, i. Mobilization of the residual oil is governed by the capillary number correlation. During the surfactant polymer flooding process, the water cut began to decrease after 0. A large number of cationic, anionic, nonionic, and amphoteric surfactants have been. Because of the synergy of these three components, asp is the current worldwide focus of research and field trial in chemical enhanced oil recovery. A surfactantpolymer process cannot be considered as two independent processes, taking place at the same time in the reservoir. Modeling polymer flooding, surfactant flooding and asp. Caustic flooding, utilizing a slug of dilute caustic solution chased by injection water, is useful only. In this research, two sets of experiments were performed. Surfactantpolymer flooding formulated with commercial. Surfactant flooding, also known as detergent or micro emulsion flooding, uses low concentration of surfactants augmented water to lower the interfacial tension between oil and water and in some cases alter the wettability of the rock to create favorable conditions for efficient oil displacement. Optimization design of injection strategy for surfactant.
Compared with using hpam mda, using hapam can reduce the polymer use by more than 40%. Investigation has been made to characterize the surfactant solution in terms of its ability to reduce the surface tension and the interaction between surfactant and polymer in its aqueous solution. Abstract surfactant polymer sp flooding a chemical eor method, involves the injection of surfactants into the reservoir to reduce interfacial tension between oil and water and thus reduce capillary pressure for easy mobilization of oil. Modeling polymer flooding, surfactant flooding and asp schlumberger public surfactant flooding and asp alkaline, surfactant, and polymer flooding with eclipse charles a. A new simulator is presented to study a surfactant polymer flooding, based on a twophase, fivecomponent system aqueous and oleous phases with water, petroleum, polymer, surfactant and. The drive is also a polymer solution, so that the process is of the asp type. Field cases demonstrated that polymer flood and surfactantpolymer flood could effectively increase oil rate, decrease water cut and improve oil. It is one of the most promising worldwide focus of ceor research and field trials, due to the unique synergy of the three chemical components.
Alkaline surfactant polymer enhanced oil recovery process. Reservoir mixing at pattern scale can affect optimal slug sizes, but to date there is a lack of understanding. In this paper the synthesis of a surfactant with a large hydrophobe, didodecylmethylcarboxyl betaine dic12b. An improved concentrated surfactant formulation and process for the recovery of residual oil from subterranean petroleum reservoirs, and more particularly an improved alkali surfactant flooding process which results in ultralow interfacial tensions between the injected material and the residual oil, wherein the concentrated surfactant formulation is supplied at a concentration above, at, or. Alkaline surfactant polymer asp flooding is a combination process in which alkali, surfactant, and polymer are injected in the same slug. To date, the pf process has been applied successfully in several major chinese oil fields such as daqing and shengli. However, the economic benefit of the sp flooding process is unsatisfactory under low oil prices.
Because of the synergy of these three components, asp is the current worldwide focus of research and field trial in chemical enhanced oil recovery eor. Enhanced oil recovery by alkalinesurfactantpolymer. The literature cited in this book forms a comprehensive list of references in relation to improved oil recovery by surfactant and polymer flooding. Surfactant flooding is an eor technique in which the phase behavior inside the reservoir can be manipulated by the injection of surfactants and co surfactants, creating advantageous conditions in order to mobilize trapped oil. Polymers are also injected alongside to reduce mobility ratio and gather the oil droplet within the reservoir to create an oil bank and mobilize the oil towards the wellbore. Us6022834a alkaline surfactant polymer flooding composition. Enhanced oil recovery using alkaline surfactant polymer asp major. Surfactant polymer sp flooding holds significant promise for enhanced oil recovery, but the procedure for determining the best choice of chemical slug sizes does not consider reservoir mixing. Surfactantpolymer flooding the main target of surfactantpolymer flood is the residual oil ganglia trapped at pore throats even after extensive waterfloods. Pdf the use of standard enhanced oil recovery eor techniques allows improving the oilfield performance after waterflooding processes. Chemical migration and emulsification of surfactant.
The application of a new polymeric surfactant for chemical eor. Surfactant polymer flooding is one of the viable enhanced oil recovery processes for recovering additional by lowering the interfacial tension between the oil and water and reducing water mobility. Improved oil recovery by surfactant and polymer flooding. Therefore, this chapter discusses about surfactantpolymer sp flooding as a combined chemical enhanced oil recovery eor method. Data analysis and summary for surfactantpolymer flooding based. In reality, we hardly implemented surfactant flooding alone without adding polymer. Surfactant polymer sp flooding has significant potential to enhance oil recovery after water flooding in mature reservoirs. Significance of polymer on emulsion stability in surfactant.
A laboratory study of the alkaline surfactant polymer asp process was conducted. Polymer flooding is an enhanced oil recovery method chapter 5 that uses polymer solutions to increase oil recovery by increasing the viscosity of the displacing water to decrease the wateroil mobility ratio. The idea of injecting surfactant solution to improve imbibitions recovery was proposed for fractured reservoirs68 and carbonaceous oil fields in the united states911. Alkalinesurfactantpolymer asp flooding is a combination of chemicals injected to obtain the best possible recovery by altering both the displacement and. Surfactants are injected to mobilize residual oil by lowering the interfacial tension between oil and water andor by the wettability alteration from oilwet to waterwet. A synthetic surfactant is injected simultaneously with the alkali. Surfactant and surfactantpolymer flooding for enhanced.
Successful polymer flooding and surfactantpolymer flooding. A chemical enhanced oil recovery flood that uses two sources of surfactant and a polymer. Alkaline surfactant polymer asp flooding is a chemical enhanced oil recovery ceor method whereby alkali, surfactant and polymer are injected as the same slug. Experimental study and field application of surfactant. Essentials of polymer flooding technique introduces the area of polymer flooding at a basic level for those new to petroleum production. However, the transport of each of these substances influences to a greater or lesser extent the other, and vice versa. The use of alkali also reduces adsorption of anionic surfactants on. Reduced injectivity may be a greater concern for polymer flood application than the chemical cost of viscous polymer. Alkalinesurfactantpolymer asp flooding is of increasing interest and importance because of high oil prices and the need to increase oil production. In injection order, the chemical slug will consist of 0.
The experiments show that the polymer is good for the stability of emulsion, with the increase of shear rate, stability. Enhancing polymer flooding performance 30 years of experience. With polymer added for mobility control, the process would be an alkaline surfactant polymer asp flood. Five studies such as polymer flooding, surfactant flooding, surfactant polymer flooding, alkaline surfactant and alkaline surfactant polymer flooding were considered in the injection process and important results from simulator were analyzed and interpreted. Simulation of single well tracer tests for surfactantpolymer. Chuck kossack education university of michigan bs chemical schlumberger public engineering, bs math stanford. Thus, it is considered that the chemical flood should be started at higher oil saturations. Asp process is considered as a promising method for enhanced oil recovery. This paper presents an optimal design of alkalinesurfactantpolymer asp flooding and an experimental analysis on the effects of asp components under low formation salinity, where the assignment of salinity gradients and various phase types are limited. Aug 24, 2012 enhanced crude oil recovery by chemical flooding has been a main measure for postponing the overall decline of crude oil output in china, and surfactant polymer sp flooding may replace alkali surfactant polymer flooding in the future for avoiding the undesired effects of using alkali. Asp flooding is a form of chemical enhanced oil recovery eor that can allow operators to extend reservoir pool life and extract incremental reserves currently inaccessible by conventional eor.
Surfactant and surfactant polymer flooding for enhanced oil recovery. Pdf investigation has been made to characterize the surfactant solution in terms of its ability to reduce the surface tension and the interaction. Optimal design of alkalinesurfactantpolymer flooding. Surfactant and surfactant polymer flooding for enhanced oil recovery significantly35.
A new simulator is presented to study a surfactant. Surfactant polymer flooding the main target of surfactant polymer flood is the residual oil ganglia trapped at pore throats even after extensive waterfloods. According to the us department of energy, there are three primary techniques for eor. Significant topics on molecular, microscopic, and macroscopic aspects of oil displacement in porous media by surfactant and polymer solutions and related phenomena are also discussed. The idea of combining surfactants and alkalis was first proposed by reisberg and doscher in 1956. For the second sets of experiments, a range of oil recovery of 64% to 68% for water flooding and a range of 15% to 24% additional oil recovery for surfactant flooding. The experiments show that the polymer is good for the stability of emulsion, with the increase of shear rate, stability becomes better, and droplet size gets smaller. Mechanistic modeling, design, and optimization of alkaline.
It was found from phasebehavior studies that for a given synthetic surfactant and crude oil containing naphthenic acids, optimal salinity depends only on the ratio of the moles of soap formed from the acids to the moles of synthetic surfactant present. Alkalisurfactantpolymer flooding in the daqing oilfield class ii. The partition coefficient of petroleum sulfonates kps after emulsification was significantly higher than that under static conditions. Polymer flooding pf and alkalinesurfactantpolymer asp flooding have been applied throughout the world for more than 20 years.
Alkali, on the other hand, would lower the adsorption level of the surfactant and reacts with the acidic components of the oil to produce insitu surfactant which as a result optimizes the injected surfactant concentration. Enhanced oil recovery abbreviated eor, also called tertiary recovery, is the extraction of crude oil from an oil field that cannot be extracted otherwise. Chemical flooding methods are now getting importance in enhanced oil recovery to recover the trapped oil after conventional recovery. The use of alkali also reduces adsorption of anionic surfactants.
Surfactant and surfactantpolymer flooding for enhanced oil. Synthesis of didodecylmethylcarboxyl betaine and its. Optimal design of alkalinesurfactantpolymer flooding under. Micellar flooding utilizes a slug of micellar solution a solution of oil, water, surfactant, and co surfactant that is chased by a slug of dilute polymer solution alone or in combination with water. Surfactant polymer sp floodinga chemical eor method, involves the injection of surfactants into the reservoir to reduce interfacial tension. Because of the synergy of these three components, asp is the current worldwide focus of research and. Alkaline chemicals such as sodium carbonate react with acidic oil components in situ to create petroleum soap, which is one of the surfactants.
Therefore, including polymer in a surfactant slug is almost compulsory for maintaining a favorable mobility ratio. Chemicalenhancedoilrecovery whatisnew,whatworks,andwhereuseit. However, few largescale successes with these processes have been reported, except in china. Pdf improved oil recovery by surfactant and polymer. In this paper, three different methods or mechanisms of implementing surfactant polymer flooding were considered. Alkaline surfactantpolymer asp flooding is a combination process in which alkali, surfactant and polymer are injected at the same slug. The field application from 20 to 2018 shows that the oil production performance of bohai h oilfield can be improved significantly by using surfactant polymer flooding.
Enhanced oil recovery using alkaline surfactantpolymer asp major. May 30, 2014 alkalinesurfactantpolymer asp flooding is a combination process in which alkali, surfactant, and polymer are injected in the same slug. The use of alkali also reduces adsorption of anionic. It describes how polymers are used to improve efficiency of chemical floods involving surfactants and alkaline solutions. Pdf surfactant and surfactantpolymer flooding for enhanced. Typically, the mixture contains a water soluble polymer this technique usually is referred to as polymer flooding, alone or in combination with a surfactant surfactant polymer flooding, or simply sp flooding andor an inorganic base alkali surfactant polymer flooding, asp. Surfactantpolymer flooding schemes a comparative analysis. The application of a new polymeric surfactant for chemical. Pdf surfactant and surfactantpolymer flooding for enhanced oil. Effect of emulsification on surfactant partitioning in. A surfactant polymer process cannot be considered as two independent processes, taking place at the same time in the reservoir.
Eor can extract 30% to 60% or more of a reservoirs oil, compared to 20% to 40% using primary and secondary recovery. For existing eor polymers, viscosity increases roughly with the square of polymer concentrationa fact that aids the economics for polymer flooding of viscous oils. Multiobjective function approach of optimizing alkaline. Polymer increases the viscosity of the displacing fluidwater and thus generate a more desirable mobility ratio. With polymer added for mobility control, the process would be an alkaline surfactantpolymer asp flood. The conventional oil recovery methods leave large amounts of oil in the reservoir.
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